De acordo com um recente estudo epidemiológico de Saúde Mental, Portugal é um país da Europa com a maior prevalência de doenças mentais na população. As conclusões de um estudo realizado pela Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Lisboa, liderado pelo psiquiatra Caldas de Almeida revelaram que “um em cada cinco portugueses sofreu de uma doença psiquiátrica (23%) e quase metade (43%) já teve uma destas perturbações durante a vida”. No entanto, igualmente preocupante é o facto de 67% dos doentes graves encontram-se desacompanhados e sem qualquer tratamento.
O estigma social associado à Doença Mental e à solicitação de consultas de especialidade são os factores apresentados pelo referido autor do estudo para este “desacompanhamento” porém considero pertinente referir que o consumo de anti-depressivos e ansiolíticos aumentou, o que poderá indicar que os portugueses compreendem que a sua saúde mental se encontra abalada, daí recorrerem a este tipo de medicação. Poderemos ainda pensar que, tal como inúmeros estudos indicam, um elevado numero de casos teria indicações para Psicoterapia.
Tal como refere a literatura, os resultados deste estudo indicaram que as perturbações mais comuns são a ansiedade (16,5%, dos quais 3,2% dos casos têm proporções graves), tendo as fobias a situações específicas (8,6%) um papel de relevo seguidas da perturbação obsessivo-compulsiva (4,4%) e a depressão, que representa 8% do total. Gostaria de destacar que, ainda de acordo com este estudo, 6% do total de portugueses com perturbações mentais manifestam quadros graves, sendo que nesta categoria se enquadra a doença bipolar, o que indicam perda de capacidades e, em casos extremos, tentativas de suicídio. Todas estas perturbações da saúde mental podem ser diagnosticadas, reguladas adequadamente ou tratadas por profissionais de saúde mental (Psicólogos, Psiquiatras), muitos pacientes exibem uma qualidade de vida melhor após o tratamento.
Normalmente é realizada uma abordagem terapêutica das perturbações mentais divida em biológica (medicação) e não-biológica (psicoterapia). No entanto, esta divisão é somente didáctica pois todas as cognições e comportamentos humanos decorrem dentro do cérebro e reflectem actividades neurofisiológicas. Como tal, é necessário ter presente que uma Psicoterapia actua ao nível do psiquismo mas também ao nível biológico ao reformular as cognições e os comportamentos. Por outro lado, a medicação oferece um alívio sintomático ao paciente, assim poderá aumentar a eficácia da Psicoterapia ao reduzir a severidade dos sintomas e ao aumentar a adesão do paciente à intervenção psicoterapêutica. Um exemplo será o de um paciente com uma depressão grave que revele dificuldades ao nível da comunicação, a medicação poderá reduzir a sintomatologia e permitir uma maior expressão das emoções e das suas competências sociais na Psicoterapia. Assim, tal como é referido na literatura, na combinação de terapia medicamentosa e Psicoterapia surgem resultados mais eficazes quando equiparados ao recurso de qualquer dessas modalidades de forma isolada.
Je demande pardon que j’interviens, mais vous ne pourriez pas donner un peu plus information.
Je vais essayer de trouver de plus amples renseignements sur la santé mentale:)
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